Oil burner



H. E. EARL IL BURNER Filed Oct. 2, 1933 Jan. 28, 1936.

Patented Jan. 28, 11936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 7 Claims.

The device forming the subject matter of this application is a burner, adapted to be used in connection with a fiuid or gaseous fuel mixture, ordinarily composed of air and finely broken up oil, the structure being of use on furnaces of various kinds.

The invention aims to provide novel means for cooling the motor, to provide novel means whereby the device may be operated at low pressure, to provide novel means whereby the burning mixture, proceeding from the burner, will do its work in the fire space, and not be blown across the fire space into the chimney, and, generally, to improve and to enhance the utility of devices of that type to which the invention appertains.

With the above and other objects in view, which will appear as the description proceeds, the invention resides in the combination and arrangement of parts and in the details of construction hereinafter described and claimed, it being understood that changes in the precise embodiment of the invention herein disclosed, may be made within the scope of what is claimed, Without departing from the spirit of the inven-.- tion.

In the accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 shows in longitudinal section, a device constructed in accordance with the invention;

Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the outer disk of the base;

Fig. 3 is a transverse section von the line 3-3 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a transverse section on the line 4-5 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a transverse section on the line 5-5 of Fig. l; L g

Fig. 6 is an end view of the spout and attendant parts;

Fig. 7 is a fragmental longitudinal section showing the passages in the base;

Fig. 8 is a diagram explaining the operation of certain parts of the structure.

In carrying out the invention, there is provided a casing, which, as a whole, is marked by the numeral l.' The casing I includes a cylindrical body 2. By means of securing elements 3, a butt or base 4 is secured to the rear end of the body 2.

The butt or base 4 is a composite structure. It embodies a ring 5, disposed in contact with the rear end of the body 2. The ring 5 has an internal chamber 6. Air is admitted to the chamber 6 through an inlet 26 carried by the periphery of the ring, as shown in Fig. 4. Oil, or similar fuel,is admitted to the chamber 6 through an inlet 36 carried by the periphery of the ring 5.

Disposed against the back of the ring 5 is an intermediate disk I, and behind the disk I is an outer disk 8. The parts 5, I, and 8 are held on the end of the body 2 by the securing elements 3. The primary supply of air is derived by way of 5 the pipe 26. The body 2 of the casing I, near its rear end, has openings or first ports 9 for the inlet of secondary air. The primary air passes through the pipe 26, into the chamber 6, and from the chamber 6, the air passes through an 10 outlet III in the intermediate disk I into a correspondingly shaped recess II formed in the outer disk 8. From the recess II, the primary air moves through a radial bore I2 in the outer disk 8 to a longitudinal bore I4 in the disk 8, and 16 from the bore It, the air passes through a doubled-tapered nozzle opening I5, formed in the intermediate disk I, into the bore I 6 of a hollow shaft IT.

The hollow shaft I1 isjournaled for rotation 20 in the ends of the body 2 of the casing I, and is arranged eccentrically with respect to the chamber 6 in the ring 5 of the butt 4. The armature I8 of an electric motor of any desired kind is secured to the hollow shaft I1 and is 10- cated within the body 2 of the casing I. The field I9 of the motor is carried by the body 2. The shaft II carries a pump for forcing forwardly a liquid fuel, preferably 011. This pump is located in the chamber 6 of the ring 5. The 0 pump embodies a disk 20, secured to the shaft I I and provided with radial slots 2!, in which vanes 22 have radial sliding movement, under centrifugal action, the outer ends of the vanes being adapted to cooperate with the circumferem 3 tial wall of the recess 6, as shown in Fig. 4.

The casing I includes, further, a fan housing 23, secured to the forward end of the body 2. On its periphery, the fan housing 23 has an opening 24, for the admission of an additional supply of secondary air, supplemental to the supply of air furnished through the openings 9 of the body 2. The opening 24 in the fan casing 23 may be closed wholly or in part, by a slidably mounted damper 25 mounted on the fan housing. The casingl includes further, a tapered spout 21 secured to the forward end of the fan housing 23. At its outer end, the spout 21 has longitudinally extended, internally arranged, spiral blades 28;

The shaft comprises a tubular extension 29, mounted for longitudinal adjustment in the forward end of the shaft H. The extension 29 is held in any position to which it may have been adjusted longitudinally, through the instrumentality of a nut 30, threaded on the forward end of the shaft member I1, and engaging a washer 3!, which is V-shaped in cross section, the forward edge of the washer being engagedbg the nut 39, and the rear edge of the washer bearing against the forward end of the shaft l1. The washer 3| has a double purpose, in that it holds the shaft sections 29 and I1 together for simultaneous rotation, and also forms a tight joint at the place specified. I

The washer 3| and the nut 39 are located in the tapered end 32 or outlet of an air pump, including a fan body-33, secured at 34 to the shaft .11 and located in the fan housing 23. The fan body 33 carries radial biades 35. The inner edges of the blades 35 are spaced from the shaft I1, and the outer edges of the blades are spaced from the periphery of the fan housing 23. The secondary air entering the body 2 of the casing I, through the ports 9, finds its way into the fan housing 23 through registering second ports 31 in the forward end oi the body 2 and in the member 23. e

A tip is attached to theforward end of the. extension 29 of the shaft l1 and rotates therewith. This tip may be variously constructed. Preferably, it comprises a thimble 38, having an opening 39 at its forward end. Within the thimble 33 is disposed a nozzle 40, provided intermediate its ends with a circumferential outstanding rib The nozzle 48 has a foot 42 which is threaded into the thimble 38. The rear end of the thimble 38 is threaded upon a head i3 carried by the forward end of the shaft member 29, and the ioot 42 is in contact with the head 43. The foot 42 is supplied with outwardly inclined ports 44 which discharge into the space between the nozzle 40 and the thimble 88. The nozzle 49 has a longitudinal bore 45. A spiral member 46 is held against the forward end of the thimble 38 by the nozzle 40, but-the engagement between v the forward end of the spiral member 46 and the forward end wall of the thimble 38 is not air tight, the result being that the mixture of air and oil can find its way outwardly through the outlet 39 in the end of the thimble 38. Near its base, the spiral member 46 has lateral, forwardly inclined ports e71 which communicate with the longitudinal bore 45 of the nozzle 40.

In practical operation, the shaft 11-29 is rotated by the motor iii-[9, and rotation is im-- parted to the fuel pump 20-2l shown in Fig. '7. The primary supply of air, entering through the pipe 26, and the oil, entering through the pipe 36, are acted upon by the fuel pump and are thoroughly mixed. They are forced, by the fuel pump, through the outletlll in the disk 1, into the recess H in the disk 8. The mixture passes through the radial bore I2 of Fig. '7, into the lon-' gitudinai bore l4, and by way of the nozzle I 5, into the bore 16 of the shaft section II. The mixture traverses the shaft section 29 and moves through the ports 44 in the head 43 of the nozzle 40, into the space between the nozzle-and the thimble 38.

.by the action or" the air pump 3335, which is rotated by the shaft 'l129. The air, proceeding rom the ports 31, moves upwardly behind the fan body 33, downwardly through the fan body, and outwardly through the tapered end 32 of the fan body, as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 1.

If an additional supply of secondary air is re- 5 tion l1, the position of the tip may be chaiiged 1,

with respect to the spiral blades 28 of the spout 21, and with respect to the outlet end of the spout.

An important feature of the invention remains to be discussed. In this connection, note Fig. 8 of the drawing. In that figure, there are shown three concentric circles 49, 49 and 50. The inner circle .8) may be taken to"represent the direction in which the shaft section 29 and the tip, including the thimble 38, turn, and a ciockwise direction is indicated, looking toward the discharge end. v The mixture, therefore, is delivered in a clockwise direction through the ports 44 and 41. The twist of the spiral member 48, however, a is such that, after the mixture has left the ports 3 44 and 41, and is moving forwardly, under sufficient pressure, in the thimble 38, the mixture will follow the thread of the spiral member 46 in a counter-clockwise direction, as, indicated. by the circle '49 in Fig. 8. The result is that the mix- 3 ture, proceeding outwardly through the outlet 39 of the thimble 38 is not blown clear across the furnace into the stack (not shown) but is subjected to thorough combustion in thefire space, fuel being saved accorcfingly. This result is fur- 4 ther enhanced by reason of the fact that the spiral blades as in the spout 21 are so inclined that, as indicated by the circle 50' in Fig. 8, the secondary supply of air also receives a counterclockwise whiri viewed from in front of the dis- 4 charge end.

The general construction at the outlet end of the. device is such that the entire mixture re= ceives a thorough breaking up or atomization. The length of the flame, or zone of combustion i may be so regulated with respect to the end of the structure that there will be no direct impingement of the flames on the refractory structure of the furnace. The building up of back pressure is avoided, and the device may be operated at low 5 pressure.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed is:

1. In a. device of the class described, a casing, a hollow shaft journaled in the casing and having i an intake end and a dischargeend, means for rotating the shaft in one direction, a pump for fluid fuel operatively connected to the intake end and driven by the shaft, said pump constituting means for driving, fluid fuel through the shaft; from the intake end to the discharge end, a tip on the discharge end and'including a' thimble having an outiet'in its forward end, and a nozzle in the thimble and communicating with the, discharge end, the nozzle having a transverse port through which the fluid fuel is discharged and caused to more forwardly, and circumferentiailyf in the thimble in said one direction, when'the shaft is rotated, and means interposed between the nozzle and the outlet of the thimble for causaoaaeee E ing the fluid fuel to move forwardly, and circumferentially in the thimble, in a direction opposite to that mentioned, while the shaft continues to rotate, and before the fluid fuel reaches the out= let of the thimble.

2. In a device of the class described, av casing, a hollow shaft journaled in the casing and having an intake end, and a discharge end, means for rotating the shaft in one direction, a pump for fluid fuel operatively connected to the intake end and driven by the shaft, the said pump constituting means for driving fluid fuel through the shaft, from the intake end to the discharge end, a tip on the discharge end and including a thimble having an outlet in its forward end, and a nozzle in the thimble and communicating with the discharge end, a spiral member in the thimble and located between the outlet of the thimble and the nozzle, the spiral member having a transverse port through which the fluid fuel is discharged and caused to move forwardly, and circumferentiallyin the thimble in said one direction, when the shaft is rotated, the twist of thespiral member being such as to cause the fluid fuel to move forwardly, and circumferentially in the thimble, in a direction opposite to that mentioned,,while the shaft continues to rotate, and before the fluid fuel reaches the outlet of the thimble.

3. In a device of the class described, a casing, a hollow shaft journaled in the casing and having an intake end and a discharge end, means I for rotating the shaft in one direction, a pump for fluid fuel operatively connected to the intake end of the shaft and driven by the shaft, the said pump constituting means for driving fluid fuel through the shaft, from the intake end to the discharge end, a tip on the discharge end and including a thimble having an outlet in its forwardend, the tip including, as constituent parts,

- a nozzle in the thimble and communicating with the discharge end, and a spiral member interposed between the nozzle and the outlet of the thimble, one of said constituent parts being provided with a transverse port through which the fluid fuel is discharged and caused to move forwardly, and circumferentially in the thimble, when the shaft is rotated, the twist of the spiral member being such as to came the fluid fuel to move forwardly, and circumferentially in the thimble, in a direction opposite to that mentioned, while the shaft continues to rotate, and before the fluid fuel reaches the outlet of the thimble.

4. In a device of the class described, a casing, a hollow shaft journaled in the casing and having an intake end and a discharge end, means for rotating the shaft in one direction, means operated by the shaft for driving a fluid fuel through the shaft from the intake end to the discharge end, a tip on the discharge end and having an outlet, the tip embodying means discharging fluid fuel forwardly, and circumferentially with respect to the shaft in said one direction, when the shaft is rotated in said one directiomand the tip also embodying means causing the fluid fuel to move forwardly, and circumferentially with respect to the shaft, ina direction opposite to that mentioned, while the shaft continues to rotate in said one direction, and before the fluid fuel reaches the outlet of the tip.

5. In a device of the class described, a casing, means for admitting air to the casing, a hollow shaft journaled in the casing and having an imtake end and a discharge end, means for rotating the shaft in one direction, a pump for liquid fuel operatively connected to the intake end and driven by the shaft, said pump constituting means for driving fluid fuel through the shaft, from the intake end to the discharge end, a tip on the discharge end and having an outlet, the tip having a forwardly and outwardly inclined port through which the fluid fuel is discharged and caused to move forwardly, and circumferentlally with respect to the shaft in said one direction, when the shaft is rotated in said one direction, the tip including means causing the fluid fuel to move forwardly, and clrcumferentially with respect to the shaft, in a direction opposite to that mentioned, while the shaft continues to rotate in said one direction and before the fluid fuel reaches the outlet of the tip, a portion of the casing surrounding the tip, and said portion of the casing embodying means imparting to the air, a forward movement circumferentially of the shaft, and in said opposite direction, while the shaft continues to rotate in the first-mentioned direction.

6. A device of the class described, constructed as set forth in claim 5, in combination with means operable to allow change of the position of the tip in the discharge and of the casing longitudinally thereof.

7. In an oil burner, a casing, a motor within the casing, a housing on the forward end of the casing, a spout on the forward end of the housing, the housing having an outlet discharging into the spout, the casing being provided with a first port admitting air to the casing, the cusing being provided with a second port admitting air from the casing to the housing, damper controlled means admitting air from the atmosphere to the housing, a hollow shaft journaled in the casing and driven by the motor, a tip on the forward end of the shaft and discharging into the spout, a fuel and primary air pump on the rear end of the casing, the fuel and primary from the housing through the outlet into the spout.

HERBERT E. EARL. 

